Description
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MOTS-C — Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide
MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the Twelve S rRNA type-C) is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — one of only a few known mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). Its discovery has opened new frontiers in understanding how mitochondrial DNA communicates with the nuclear genome to regulate systemic metabolism.
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Mechanism Of Action
MOTS-C activates the AMPK pathway (5′ AMP-activated protein kinase), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Through AMPK activation, MOTS-C enhances glucose uptake, promotes fatty acid oxidation, and improves mitochondrial respiration. Research has shown that MOTS-C translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress, where it directly regulates gene expression related to antioxidant response elements (ARE) through interaction with the NRF2 pathway.





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